- Broad angular disc (body shape) brown to olive, with no spots or markings
- Pectoral fins ("wings") are long and pointed
- Snout is projecting, squarish, with an indentation at center (almost bi-lobed)
- Two small cephalic lobes or flaps protruding from front of head
- Mouth small, sub-terminal
- Tail is whip-like with one to two spine(s) at the base just behind a small dorsal fin
Habitat & Range
A pelagic species found in bays, estuaries, river mouths, and open ocean. Present in some estuaries year-round.
Life History
Internal fertilization. The female carries eggs inside her body until they hatch, after which, she gives live birth to the hatched pups (aplacental viviparity or ovoviviparity); Normally just one pup per litter though litters containing 2 pups have rarely been observed.
Males can be identified by the presence of paired claspers on the inner margin of the pelvic fins.Β The breeding period is considered to be June through October.
