Smallmouth buffalo are deep-bodied. They are light to dark gray or black with a high arched back. This species of buffalo has a large head and large eyes with a small, downward turned mouth. Smallmouth buffalo can be distinguished from common carp by the lack of, and from bigmouth buffalo by the mouth being downward pointing, and sucker-like. These buffalo can grow to lengths of around 36 inches. This fish usually weighs between 6 and 8 pounds, but can reach weights of up to 50 pounds. In the Yalobusha River, smallmouth buffalo can live at least nine years, but they have been reported living up to 18 years in different states.
Habitat & Range
Smallmouth buffalo prefer deep, large streams, rivers, oxbow lakes, and reservoirs; this fish feeds on the bottom for insects, mollusks, plants, and algae. Between March and May, spawning occurs in shallow water with temperatures between 57°F and 70°F.
Frequently Asked Questions
State Record
Mississippi’s Rod and Reel record is 57 pounds 12 ounces, caught by Charles M. Cox at Ross Barnett Reservoir in 1983.
Fishing Tips
Smallmouth buffalo can be taken fishing worms on the bottom, but are rarely caught with a rod and reel. They are commonly sought after by commercial anglers with gill nets. Footer Accessibility Careers Contact Us Privacy Policy Staff Portal License Support: 1-800-5GOHUNT Main Office: 1-601-432-2400 1505 Eastover Drive, Jackson, MS 39211 Copyright 2023-2026 Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks, All Rights Reserved.
